中国的中医药

中医药，是包括汉族和少数民族医药在内的我国各民族医药的统称，是反映中华民族对生命、健康和疾病的认识，具有悠久历史传统和独特理论及技术方法的医药学体系。中医药和西医药相互补充、协调发展，是中国卫生与健康事业的显著优势。作为传统医药的杰出代表，中医药不仅为世界各国传统医药发展提供了思路借鉴，还为解决人类健康问题提供了中国智慧。

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is the collective term for the medical practices of all ethnic groups in China, encompassing both Han and ethnic minority medicine. It reflects the Chinese nation’s understanding of life, health, and disease, and constitutes a medical system with a long history, unique theories, and distinctive techniques and methods. TCM and Western medicine complement each other and develop in coordination, representing a distinctive strength of China’s health and healthcare sector. As an outstanding representative of traditional medicine, TCM has not only provided inspiration and reference for the development of traditional medicine in countries around the world, but has also offered Chinese wisdom for addressing human health challenges.

源远流长

A Long and Rich History

考古发现，早在新石器时期（6800年前），中国浙江地区的人们已经开始采集灵芝食用或药用，可视为人类早期利用药用植物进行医疗活动的证明。

Archaeological findings show that as early as the Neolithic period (6,800 years ago), people in the Zhejiang region of China had already begun collecting lingzhi (Ganoderma) for food or medicinal use, which can be regarded as evidence of humankind's early use of medicinal plants for healing.

春秋战国时期（公元前770—前221），名医扁鹊总结前人经验，提出“望、闻、问、切”四诊合参的方法，奠定了中医临床诊断和治疗的基础。

During the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods (770–221 BCE), the famous physician Bian Que synthesized the experience of his predecessors and proposed the four diagnostic methods of inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and palpation，laying the foundation for clinical diagnosis and treatment in TCM.

秦汉时期（公元前221-公元220），中医药理法方药体系逐渐形成。

By the Qin and Han dynasties (221 BCE–220 CE), the TCM system of theory, methods, formulas, and medicinals had gradually taken shape.

西晋时期（公元265-317），《针灸甲乙经》系统论述了有关脏腑、经络等理论，初步形成了经络、针灸理论。

During the Western Jin dynasty (265–317), A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion systematically expounded theories of the zang-fu organs and meridians, initially establishing the theories of meridians and acupuncture.

唐代（公元618-907），孙思邈提出的“大医精诚”，体现了中医对医道精微、心怀至诚、言行诚谨的追求，是中医药文化的核心价值理念。

In the Tang dynasty (618–907), Sun Simiao put forward the principle of “great physicians with ultimate sincerity”, embodying TCM’s pursuit of medical excellence, utmost sincerity of heart, and integrity in word and deed. It remains a core value of TCM culture.

明代（公元1368-1644），李时珍的《本草纲目》，在世界上首次对药用植物进行了科学分类，创新发展了中药学的理论和实践，是一部药物学和博物学巨著。

In the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), Li Shizhen’s Compendium of Materia Medica was the first work in the world to scientifically classify medicinal plants. It innovatively advanced both the theory and practice of Chinese pharmacology, standing as a monumental work of pharmacy and natural history.

清代（公元1644-1911），叶天士的《温热论》，提出了温病和时疫的防治原则及方法，形成了中医药防治瘟疫（传染病）的理论和实践体系。

In the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), Ye Tianshi’s Treatise on Warm-Heat Diseases proposed principles and methods for the prevention and treatment of warm diseases and seasonal epidemics, shaping the theoretical and practical system of TCM for combating infectious diseases.

清代中期以来，特别是民国时期，随着西方医学的传入，一些学者开始探索中西医药学汇通、融合。

From the mid-Qing dynasty onward, and especially during the Republican era, with the introduction of Western medicine, some scholars began to explore the integration and convergence of Chinese and Western medicine.

守正创新

Upholding Fundamental Principles While Pursuing Innovation

建立起覆盖城乡，融预防、治疗和康复于一体的中医医疗服务体系，护佑民众全生命周期健康。截至2025年，全国中医医疗机构数量突破11万个，总诊疗人次超18亿，96%二级以上公立综合医院、99%三级公立妇幼保健院设置中医临床科室，基本实现县办中医医疗机构全覆盖。

A TCM medical service system covering both urban and rural areas and integrating prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation has been established, safeguarding people’s health across the entire life cycle. By 2025,　the number of TCM medical institutions nationwide has exceeded 110,000 and total visitors have reached over 1.8 billion. 96% of public general hospitals at or above the second level and 99% of public tertiary maternal and child health hospitals have set up clinical TCM departments. Full coverage of county-level TCM medical institutions has been essentially achieved.

少数民族医药作为中医药的重要组成部分，在保障人民群众健康、增进民族团结、促进各民族交往交流交融中发挥积极作用。藏、蒙、维、傣、朝、壮、哈萨克等30种少数民族医药在医疗机构中使用，少数民族医药服务机构的规模数量、基础设施、装备水平、服务能力持续提升，少数民族医药事业蓬勃发展。

Ethnic minority medicine, as an integral part of traditional Chinese medicine, plays a positive role in safeguarding public health, strengthening ethnic unity, and promoting interaction, exchange, and integration among ethnic groups. Thirty forms of ethnic minority medicine—including Tibetan, Mongolian, Uyghur, Dai, Korean, Zhuang, and Kazakh medicine—are in use in medical institutions. The scale, infrastructure, equipment standards, and service capacity of ethnic minority medical institutions have continuously improved, and the cause of ethnic minority medicine is flourishing.

中医药人才队伍量质并进，发展根基不断夯实。基本形成院校教育、毕业后教育、继续教育有机衔接，师承教育贯穿始终的人才培养体系，实现中职、高职、本科、硕士和博士多层次的中医药教育全覆盖。

截至2025年底，医疗卫生机构中医药人员总数达到123.6万人，中医类别执业（助理）医师达到104.5万人。

The talent team is expanding in both quantity and quality, steadily strengthening the foundation of TCM development. A talent cultivation system has essentially taken shape, in which university education, postgraduate education, and continuing education are organically connected, with master-apprentice (shicheng) education running throughout—achieving full coverage of TCM education at multiple levels, from secondary and higher vocational to undergraduate, master, and doctoral programs.

By the end of 2025, the total number of TCM personnel in medical and health institutions has reached 1.236 million, including 1.045 million licensed (assistant) physicians of the TCM category.

中医药科技创新能力持续提升。打造高水平平台，建成10余家中医药相关领域全国重点实验室、40余家国家中医药管理局中医药传承创新中心。

加强中医药基础研究，传承中医药精华。以AI、大数据赋能古籍挖掘，构建中医药知识体系化表达模型，让“沉睡”的古籍“活起来”。

深化高质量临床研究。完成多个中成药大品种的RCT与真实世界研究，中成药临床疗效推理模型被多个国际指南引用。

We continue to strengthen our capacity for scientific and technological innovation in traditional Chinese medicine. High-level platforms have been established, including more than 10 national key laboratories in TCM-related fields and over 40 TCM Inheritance and Innovation Centers under the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM).

We strengthen the basic research on TCM and inherit its essence. AI and big data will be used to empower the mining of ancient texts and to build a systematic expression model of the TCM knowledge system, bringing “dormant” ancient books to life.

We have advanced high-quality clinical research. RCTs and real-world studies on multiple major Chinese patent medicines have been completed; clinical efficacy inference models for Chinese patent medicines have been cited by several international guidelines.

中药产业政策体系持续完善，全链条质量管控稳步推进，产业规模保持平稳增长。中药产业在资源保护、加工生产、创新转化等方面取得阶段性成效，供给能力持续增强。完成第四次全国中药资源普查。建设一批药用植物种质资源保存圃和药用植物种质资源库，保存种质资源约7万份。中药材规范化、生态种植持续推广。

促进国内国际标准互联互通，协同国家市场监督管理总局发布17项中医药国家标准外文版。

The policy framework for the Chinese materia medica industry continues to improve; whole-chain quality control advances steadily, and the industry maintains stable growth. Phased achievements have been made in resource conservation, processing and production, and innovation and transformation, with supply capacity steadily strengthening. The Fourth National Survey of Chinese Materia Medica Resources has been completed. A number of germplasm conservation gardens and germplasm banks for medicinal plants have been established, preserving approximately 70,000 germplasm accessions. Standardized and ecological cultivation of Chinese medicinal herbs continues to expand.

To promote the interconnection of domestic and international standards, 17 national standards in foreign languages have been released in coordination with the State Administration for Market Regulation.

深入实施中医药文化弘扬工程，促进中医药逐步成为群众维护健康的文化自觉。

聚焦中医药古籍保护与利用，推进《中华医藏》编纂工程。

推进优质中医药文化资源下沉，面向不同群体持续开展“百市千县”中医药文化惠民、校园中医药文化主题日活动等，中国公民中医药健康文化素养水平持续提升。

We have implemented the Project for Promoting TCM Culture in depth, and helped the public gradually develop cultural awareness of TCM for health maintenance.

We have focused on the protection and utilization of ancient TCM classics, and advanced the compilation of The Chinese Medical Canon.

We have brought high-quality TCM cultural resources to the grassroots and continue to deliver public-benefit programs for diverse groups, including the TCM Culture Benefit Program in “Hundred Cities and Thousand Counties” and TCM Culture Theme Days on campus, thereby steadily improving TCM health literacy among Chinese citizens.

交流互鉴

Exchange and Mutual Learning

积极参与全球卫生治理，为人类健康事业贡献中国智慧和中国方案。

China actively participates in global health governance, contributing Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to the cause of human health.

截至目前，中医药已传播至196个国家和地区。中医药内容纳入50余个中外联合声明，我国与近50个外国政府、地区主管机构和国际组织签署中医药合作协议。

推动世界卫生组织将中医药纳入《国际疾病分类第十一次修订本（ICD—11）》。

推动国际标准化组织（ISO）成立传统医药技术委员会 （ISO/TC249），已发布147项中医药国际标准。

TCM has spread to 196 countries and regions. TCM content has been incorporated into more than 50 China-foreign joint statements. China has signed TCM cooperation agreements with nearly 50 foreign governments, regional authorities, and international organizations.

China facilitated the inclusion of traditional Chinese medicine in the WHO International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11).

China promoted the establishment of the ISO Technical Committee for Traditional Medicine (ISO/TC 249), which has published 147 international TCM standards.

成立全球传统医学联盟。

中国建设的国际传统医学临床试验注册平台已被认证为世界卫生组织一级注册机构。

建设31家特色服务出口基地（中医药），开展中医药服务消费和贸易融合发展试点工作。

在共建“一带一路”国家建设了30个高质量中医药海外中心。连续向柬埔寨派出4批整建制中医援外医疗队。

The Global Alliance for Traditional and Integrative Medicine(GATIM) has been established.

The International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry Platform, developed by China, has been accredited as a WHO Primary Registry.

A total of 31 National Bases for Export of TCM Services with Distinctive Features have been established; pilot programs for the integrated development of TCM service consumption and trade have been launched.

A total of 30 high-quality overseas TCM centers have been established in countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative. China has sent four TCM medical teams to Cambodia in succession.

实施“新时代神农尝百草”行动。

China has implemented the “New Era Shennong Tasting Hundred Herbs” Initiative.

与印度尼西亚、塞舌尔在国家层面签署合作协议，并支持各有关机构与泰国、老挝、科摩罗、埃塞俄比亚等十余个国家卫生或传统医药机构建立合作机制，开展药用资源联合研究。召开相关培训班、座谈会，围绕当地的医疗体系、传统药物资源、相关产业与贸易情况及对中医药合作需求展开了深入探讨。

Cooperation agreements were signed at the national level with Indonesia and Seychelles; support was extended to relevant institutions in establishing cooperation mechanisms with health or traditional medicine authorities in over ten countries, including Thailand, Laos, Comoros, and Ethiopia, to carry out joint research on medicinal resources. Training courses and symposiums have been held, featuring in-depth discussions on local healthcare systems, traditional medicine resources, related industries and trade, and needs for TCM cooperation.

丰富传统医药诊疗手段，促进共商共建共享，共同应对全球公共卫生挑战，服务构建人类卫生健康共同体。

Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of traditional medicine have been enriched to promote extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, thereby jointly addressing global public health challenges and serving the building of a global community of health for all.

（本版文字选自2026世界传统医药大会公益展）